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Union Stockyards (Omaha)
The Union Stockyards of Omaha, Nebraska were founded in 1883 in South Omaha by the Union Stock Yards Company of Omaha.〔Larsen, L. and Cottrell, B. (1997) ''The Gate City: A History of Omaha.'' University of Nebraska Press. p. 73〕 A fierce rival of Chicago's Union Stock Yards, the Omaha Union Stockyards were third in the United States for production by 1890.〔Menard, O.D. (1989) ''Political Bossism in Mid America: Tom Dennison's Omaha, 1900–1933.'' University Press of America. p. 41.〕 In 1947 they were second to Chicago in the world. Omaha overtook Chicago as the nation's largest livestock market and meat packing industry center in 1955, a title which it held onto until 1971.〔Graham, J. (1999) ("Omaha stockyards packing it in." ) ''Chicago Tribune.'' 3/28/99. Retrieved 6/23/07.〕 The 116-year-old institution closed in 1999.〔Nolte, B.T. (1999) ("Stockyards to leave South Omaha after 115 Years." ) ''Nebraska Farmer''. 1/15/99.〕 The Livestock Exchange Building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.〔(nd) (National Register of Historic Places - Nebraska; Douglas County ). National Park Service. Retrieved 6/22/07.〕
==History==
The first meat packer in Omaha preceded the founding of the Stockyards. James E. Boyd, an Irish-born politician important to early Omaha and Nebraska, got his start in the state after opening Boyd's Packing House in the downtown area. A cattle baron named Alexander Swan called for the founder of Omaha's first stockyards, William A. Paxton, to start a new facility in the early 1880s. Working along with Herman Kountze, John A. Creighton and others, the new stockyards received the first shipment of 531 longhorn cattle from Medicine Bow, Wyoming in 1884. Initially, the Union Stockyards operated as a feeding station for stock on their way to eastern markets like the Union Stock Yards in Chicago.〔Rea, L. (nd) ("Omaha/Douglas County History Timeline" ). Douglas County Historical Society. Retrieved 6/21/07.〕 The first livestock exchange was located in a farmhouse on the site. The Union Stock Yards originally covered over of land, with pens covering nearly .〔(nd) (Nebraska Memories ). Retrieved 3/27/15.〕 They were located between South 36th Street on the west to South 27th Street on the east; L Street on the north to Q Street on the south.
The second exchange building was constructed in 1885 by J. E. Riley and designed by Mendelssohn and Fisher. It was a substantial structure, complete with amenities and apartments for traders, as well as elaborate convention rooms, in recognition both of the growing importance and Omaha's ambitions for the industry. 〔Sullivan, L. (2003) (Union Stockyards ). Omaha Public Library. Retrieved 6/22/07.〕 The "Big Four" meat packers established during this period were Armour, Wilson, Cudahy, and Swift.
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